Table 3 Categories and definitions for extracted components of included literature in avian group and forest carbon group. If methodology referenced methods in another paper/journal article, readers found the article referenced and sought out additional details of methodology from the paper mentioned
Domain | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
Bibliometrics | ||
Article ID Citation Authors Country of First Author Study Country Publication Year | Unique identifier for article Article citation in style of environmental evidence List of all authors Country linked to article’s first author Country where research was conducted What year was the article published | |
Descriptive Metrics | ||
City Latitude/Longitude Hemisphere Data collection year (start/end) Scale of measurement Comparator used? | What city (if listed) did the study take place in Coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds Northern or Southern What year did data collection begin and end? Individual, population or community Was a comparator used? (experimental design) | |
Urban scale | Patch Multi-patch Region Multi-city | Considers local-scale differences from a single patch type in an urban context (e.g., park) Considers local-scale differences from multiple patch types in an urban context (e.g., park and vacant lots, urban rural gradient) Considers multiple urban areas within the same geographical area Considers multiple city landscapes in different geographical regions |
Forest Carbon (Population) | ||
Carbon Metric | Aboveground biomass Belowground biomass Infrastructure Soil Dead wood/organic matter | Carbon measured by calculations considering aboveground forest components (allometric equations, etc.) Carbon measured by calculations of forest components belowground (roots, shoots etc.) Carbon stored within infrastructure (buildings, benches, materials) Carbon stored in urban forest soil Carbon stored in dead wood and organic matter within the urban forest (logs, leaf litter etc.) |
Avian (Population) | ||
Avian Common Avian Latin | Common name(s) of bird species (listed only if 10 or less) Latin name(s) of bird species (listed only if 10 or less) | |
Survival | Individual survival/mortality Nesting survival | The rate of mortality within a population or community The rate of survival of eggs and nestlings within a population or community |
Diversity | Diversity metric Abundance | Considers a metric of diversity (e.g. genetic, species, functional) Considers the abundance of one or several bird species |
Breeding | Macro Meso Micro | Considers the effect of rural to urban landscape on breeding success Considers the effect of landscape structure (configuration, composition etc.) on breeding success Considers the effect of local habitat variables on breeding success (e.g., parasitism, predation, nest abandonment, nest structure, flight initiation distance FID) |
Behaviour | Foraging Oral communication Migration | Describes foraging behaviour Describes birds’ ability to communicate through song Considers birds migration patterns, distances, and success |
Demographics/ Patterns | Population changes Community changes Species distribution | Estimates trends in population metrics Estimates trends in community metrics Models the estimated distribution of species across a landscape |
Resources | Intra-specific competition Inter-specific competition | Describes competition between species Describes competition among species |
Forest (Intervention) | ||
Forest Metric | Land use type Forested area Fragmentation Connectivity Canopy Cover | Assesses types of green space containing trees within the urban matrix (e.g., parks, residential land, institutional, commercial, woodland, street trees etc.) Considers the amount of forested area (land area with forest) Considers the degree of fragmentation of forest habitat Considers the connectivity of trees or components of the urban forest within the urban matrix Considers the amount of canopy cover |
| Â | Composition Diversity metric Native species Exotic/invasive species Individual tree management | Considers the composition of tree and shrub species, age or size or structure Considers a metric of diversity (e.g. richness, Shannon diversity, functional diversity) of forest habitat Considers the quantity of native and/or exotic species Considers the quantity of invasive tree or shrub species Considers changes to individual tree maintenance and/or management (e.g., insecticide-use, fungicide use, pruning etc.) |
Outcomes | ||
Main Result Recommendation Type Recommendations | Text summary of the main result related to either (1) avian conservation or (2) carbon solution Conservation, restoration and/or management Text summary of recommendations | |