Table 2 TECH knowledge domain. Prevalence of recovery technology per source stream
Technology | Source stream | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urine | Feces | Excreta | Sewage | Total | |
Ammonia capture and release | 54 | 0 | 2 | 157 | 213 |
Composting processes | 0 | 25 | 51 | 334 | 410 |
Contaminant reduction | 77 | 11 | 31 | 135 | 254 |
Crystallization | 167 | 0 | 17 | 832 | 1016 |
Digestion processes | 0 | 11 | 47 | 416 | 474 |
Fertilizer production | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Freezing and thawing | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Hydrothermal processes | 0 | 2 | 8 | 177 | 187 |
Membrane separation – for nutrient extraction | 60 | 0 | 4 | 216 | 280 |
Membrane separation – for water extraction | 28 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 35 |
No treatment | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Physical separation | 0 | 9 | 3 | 25 | 37 |
Protein growth | 22 | 0 | 8 | 382 | 412 |
Sorption | 70 | 0 | 3 | 507 | 580 |
Stabilization | 47 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 55 |
Thermal processes | 0 | 6 | 8 | 492 | 506 |
Vaporization | 33 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 35 |
Wet chemical extraction | 0 | 0 | 0 | 313 | 313 |
Total | 567 | 68 | 187 | 3994 | 4816 |