Fig. 5

Magnitude of Shift. Estimated shifts by dimension (depth, elevation, and latitude) and by taxonomic group. Estimates by dimension (top row) show average range shifts by dimension, with 95% confidence intervals derived from single-dimension one-sample t-tests (Additional File 5: Table S7). Estimates by taxonomic group (bottom row) display estimated marginal means and associated 95% confidence intervals (Additional File 5: Table S8)