Fig. 13

Relationship between weighted-mean effect sizes and the weighted-mean percent increase in fish abundance for spawning habitat creation or enhancement interventions. Values in parentheses are the number of effect size estimates. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. A positive mean value (right of/above the dashed zero line) indicates that the abundance was higher in treatment areas than in control areas (no intervention). Water creation: creation of a new waterbody or extension of an existing waterbody; Water mod: waterbody modification