Fig. 12
Summary flow chart of the meta-analyses and results addressing our secondary research questions using appropriate subsets (dashed boxes; i.e., first dashed box indicates all abundance effect sizes; second dashed box indicates of those abundance effect sizes, the number of effect sizes that reported information for a moderator of interest). Boxes enclosed by solid lines indicate moderators or subset categories under consideration. Grayed moderators were associated with spawning habitat creation or enhancement effectiveness. Underlined value indicates statistically significant effect (p < 0.05); * indicates a marginally significant effect (p < 0.1). k: number of effect sizes; QM: omnibus test statistic of moderators; g: Hedges’ g mean effect size; CI: 95% confidence interval